Total Knee Replacement or Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKR/TKA) is the most successful treatment option in the last stage of arthritis. This is a surgical procedure in which small portion of bone and cartilage that is damaged in the arthritic process is removed from the lower end of thigh bone (femur) and upper end of shin bone (tibia) and often from kneecap (patella) and that is replaced by the artificial joint. The components of the new joint , made of metal alloy and high grade polyethylene, are fixed with bone cement.
